The biosynthesis of an important biopolymer called hyaluronan requires an enzyme that discriminates between two different substrates.

Patterns of neural activity called theta oscillations have a role in memory encoding but – contrary to current thinking – do not appear to have a role in memory retrieval.

Adolescents value reciprocity less than adults, limiting cooperation despite intact learning about others’ behavior.

Different impacts of the same molecular and circuit mechanisms on sleep–wakefulness control in early-life juveniles and adults.

Air pollution activates macrophage-derived artemin, sensitizing TRPA1 nociceptors to drive neutrophilic asthma, revealing new therapeutic targets for refractory airway inflammation.

Findings provide a first step in understanding the motivations behind cooperation in adolescents and adults, paving the way for future research to explore these behaviours in real-world situations.

Human neurons derived from stem cells show increased structural complexity and stronger synaptic connections after exposure to psilocin, the active metabolite of the psychedelic psilocybin.

Norio Takeshita explores the microbiology of Japan’s national fungus and how it reflects centuries of human cultivation.

This mutation prevented VPS34 complex I binding to Rab1 but, surprisingly, it strengthened the interaction between VPS34 complex II and Rab5. The researchers carried out a series of experiments to ...

Direct survival benefits in larger groups rather than kin-selected indirect fitness primarily drive the evolution of division of labor in cooperatively breeding vertebrates, particularly under harsh ...

A fully automated 3D tracking framework reveals that sex and familiarity strongly shape natural social gaze dynamics in freely interacting marmosets.

Strategic avoidance of uncertainty emerges under high cognitive demands, enabling faster decisions without impairing learning.