Researchers have discovered that molecules experience non-reciprocal interactions without external forces. Fundamental forces such as gravity and electromagnetism are reciprocal, where two objects are ...

Force spectroscopy relies on the precise measurement of forces acting on a probe as it interacts with a sample. The key principles of force spectroscopy include: AFM-based force spectroscopy is the ...

Atomic Force Microscopy-based SMFS is widely used due to its high force sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this technique, a biomolecule is attached between a surface and an AFM cantilever. As the ...

In the race to uncover the deepest secrets of the universe, researchers are turning to powerful new tools. One of the most promising tools is the quantum computer. It offers a way to explore problems ...