Last week, I stepped through the basics of automotive electrical circuits, explained how electrical current needs to flow ...

A few weeks ago, I wrote about fixing the VDO windshield washer pump in a vintage European car. As part of that, I quickly ...

Have you ever needed to power a 12-volt relay in a circuit but only had 6 or 9 volts available? This simple circuit will solve that problem. It allows 12-volt relays to be operated from 6 or 9 volts, ...

Ordinary power supply design includes current limiting as a protection feature. In product design, this is usually sufficient in that the engineer decides the loads on the supply by design. However, ...