The relationships that have evolved between plants and animals over many millennia of time spent coexisting are often as interesting as they are vast and varied. From the production of nectar and ...

Insect-induced plant galls represent an extraordinary example of plant morphogenesis manipulated by specialised herbivores. These structures emerge as a result of intricate biochemical and molecular ...

Galls are abnormal growths on a part of the plant. They can be caused by bacteria, insects, mites and fungi. They can be on any part of a plant and are the overgrowth of plant tissue in response to ...

It can be unnerving to find that the leaves of an oak or hackberry tree are as bumpy as a rock-covered seashore in late summer. Other trees’ leaves may break out in acne-like red spots or sport ...

Insect-induced galls represent a fascinating mode of plant-insect interaction where specialised insects manipulate host plant tissues to form complex structures that provide both shelter and nutrients ...

Persisting in the winter months as ball-shaped shells on oak trees, galls, which are considered an eyesore by landscapers in the summer months, appear as a sort of curiosity in winter. What are these ...

Woolly oak gall Goldenrod ball gall and bunch gall on same plant. Ruth Smith photo. Oak apple gall. Ruth Smith photo. A friend sent me a text message recently in which she asked, “Any idea what these ...

Question. My oak tree has woody growths on the limbs. Should I be concerned? Answer. You have spotted the handy work of quite small insects or mites. Oaks, especially the live oaks, seem to be ...