Patent foramen ovale (PFO) may be associated with migraine, especially migraine with aura (MA), when the PFO is permanent right-left shunt (RLS), large RLS, and large-size PFO, a recent study found.

The use of a robotic-assisted device to perform transcranial Doppler ultrasound greatly improved the detection of right-to-left cardiac shunts in patients with presumed embolic strokes compared with ...

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in conjunction with optimal medical therapy can reduce both the number of migraine days and the frequency of attacks compared with medicine alone, according to a new ...

Intracardiac and pulmonary shunts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypoxia when there is an insufficient rise of arterial oxygen saturation despite supplemental oxygen.

Both traditional and less conventional risk factors contribute strongly to the risk of cryptogenic ischemic stroke in adults younger than 50 years, but their relative importance varies by the presence ...