There are a number of methods of making carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fullerenes. Fullerenes were first observed after vaporizing graphite with a short-pulse, high-power laser, however this was not a ...

Light is considered the ideal driving force of chemical reactions: it’s cheap, available in abundance and produces no waste. This is why light-driven, i.e. photochemical reactions are highly ...

A simple mechanochemical technique for PTFE degradation transforms it into useful fluorochemicals, showcasing a sustainable ...

Ball mill load monitoring and vibration analysis lie at the heart of optimising industrial grinding processes, which are pivotal in the mining and mineral processing sectors. These techniques combine ...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are potentially harmful substances known as 'forever chemicals' because they are so difficult to destroy. One emerging technique to degrade PFAS involves ...

Five hundred degrees Celsius and 200 bar – these are the conditions usually required to get nitrogen to combine with hydrogen to generate ammonia. Only in this form can the nitrogen be used by plants.

Tossed circuit boards are about 20% copper, a much larger fraction than the roughly half a percent in copper ore mined from the ground. That percentage, plus the growing mounds of global electronic ...

A reactor that uses steel balls to smash together nitrogen, hydrogen, and an iron catalyst can produce a continuous stream of ammonia, even at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The discovery ...