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A discussion of the traditions of Wagadu with some reference to ancient Ghāna, including of review of oral accounts, Arabic sources and archaeological evidence

Chapter I, Problem of origin and identification -- 1. Ghāna and Wagadu: two names for the same Soninke kingdom or distinct entities? -- 2. The Ghāna of modern historians: an attempt at the ...
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"Fils à double tête" and copper-based ingots : copper money-objects at the time of the Sahelian empires of ancient Ghana and Mali

FILS À DOUBLE TÊTE AND COPPERBASED INGOTS : COPPER MONEYOBJECTS AT THE TIME OF THE SAHELIAN EMPIRES OF ANCIENT GHANA AND MALI ...